Phenotypic variability in the M1 population of Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai ‘Sugar Baby’ irradiated with Cobalt-60 gamma rays
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v48.i1.77000Palavras-chave:
watermelon; Co-60 ray irradiation; mutations; morphological variability; diversity.Resumo
Citrullus lanatus (mini-watermelon type) ‘Sugar Baby’ seeds were irradiated with Cobalt-60 gamma rays at doses of 0 (control), 100, 200, 300, and 400 Gy to enhance genetic variability. Germination, anomalies, development, flowering, and fruiting were assessed through 29 quantitative and qualitative traits and 79 molecular markers (random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR), and simple sequence repeat (SSR)). Gamma radiation significantly influenced germination (p < 0.001), with low doses showing neutral or positive effects and higher doses reducing germination. The 50% lethal dose (LD50) was determined as 325.81 Gy. Of 25 evaluated traits, most showed highly significant differences (p < 0.001), with developmental improvements at 100 and 200 Gy and deleterious effects at 300 and 400 Gy. Phenotypic diversity increased with the dose, forming distinct clusters: three at 400 Gy, five at 300 Gy, and fewer at lower doses. Molecular analyses revealed changes induced by two RAPD markers, five ISSR markers, and one SSR marker. Seventeen morphotypes that differed from the control were identified. These results confirm the efficiency of gamma radiation in inducing significant phenotypic and genetic variability, enabling LD50 determination and the detection of previously unreported molecular alterations in mini watermelon.
Downloads
Referências
Ahloowalia, B. S., Maluszynski, M., & Nichterlein, K. (2004). Global impact of mutation-derived varieties. Euphytica, 135(2), 187-204. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:EUPH.0000014914.85465.4f
Ahmar, S., Gill, R. A., Jung, K. -H., Faheem, A. Qasim, M. U. Mubeen, M. & Zhou, W. (2020). Conventional and molecular techniques from simple breeding to speed breeding in crop plants: recent advances and future outlook. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(7), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21072590
Amorim, E. P., Pestana, R. K. N., Oliveira e Silva, S., & Tulmann Neto A. (2012). Caracterização agronômica de mutantes de bananeira obtidos por meio da radiação gama. Bragantia, 71(1), 8-14. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0006-87052012005000002
Brasil. (2009). Regras para análise de sementes. MAPA/ACS.
Coretchi, L., Cliciuc, D., & Bondarenco, E. (2018). Molecular and genetic aspects of the resistance of leguminous plants to biotic stress factors. In International Symposium on Plant Mutation Breeding and Biotechnology. FAO/IAEA.
Datta, S., Jankowicz-Cieslak, J., Nielen, S., Ingelbrecht, I., & Till, B. J. (2018). Induction and recovery of copy number variation in banana through gamma irradiation and low-coverage whole-genome Sequencing. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 16(9), 1644-1653. https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12901.
Doyle, J. J., & Doyle, J. L. (1990). Isolation of plant DNA from fresh tissue. Focus, 12(1), 13–15.
Ernest, F. P., Noëlle, M. A. H., Godswill, N.-N., Thiruvengadam, M., Simon, O. A., Bille, N. H., Martin B. J., Rebezov, M., & Shariati, M. A. (2020). Radiosensitivity of two varieties of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) to different doses of gamma irradiation. Brazilian Journal of Botany, 43(4), 897-905. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40415-020-00659-8
European Cooperative Programme for Plant Genetic Resources. (2008). Minimum descriptors for Cucurbita spp., cucumber, melon and watermelon. ECPGR.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2023). Plant breeding & genetic newsletter. FAO/IAEA.
Galpaz, N., Burger, Y., Lavee, T., Tzuri, G., Sherman, A., Melamed, T., Eshed, R., Meir, A., Portnoy, V., Bar, E., Shimoni-Shor, E., Feder, A., Saar, Y., Saar, U., Baumkoler, F., Lewinsohn, E., Schaffer, A. A., Katzir, N., & Tadmor, Y. (2013). Genetic and chemical characterization of an ems-induced mutation in Cucumis melo CRTISO gene. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 539(2), 117-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2013.08.006
Gowda, A. S., Prakash, B. G., Halesh, G. K., Prashant, M., Sood, M., & Krishna, H. C. (2022). Estimation of lethal (LD50) doses of gamma ray irradiation in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb). International Journal of Plant & Soil Science, 34(20), 215-19. https://doi.org/10.9734/IJPSS/2022/V34I20365370
Gurushidze, M., Hiekel, S., Otto, I., Hensel, G., & Kumlehn, J. (2017). Site-directed mutagenesis in barley by expression of tale nuclease in embryogenic pollen. In J. Jankowicz-Cieslak, T. Tai, J. Kumlehn, & B. Till (Eds.), Biotechnologies for plant mutation breeding (pp. 113-128). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45021-6_7
Hajizadeh, H. S., Mortazavi, S. N., Ganjinajad, M., Okatan, V., & Kahramanoğlu, İ. (2023). Evaluation of the optimum threshold of gamma-ray for inducing mutation on Polianthes tuberosa cv. double and analysis of genetic variation with RAPD marker. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 99(8), 1204-1216. https://doi.org/10.1080/09553002.2023.2159566
Holme, I. B., Gregersen, P. L., & Brinch-Pedersen, H. (2019). Induced genetic variation in crop plants by random or targeted mutagenesis: convergence and differences. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01468
Jankowicz-Cieslak, J., Tai, T. H., Kumlehn, J., & Till. B. J. (2016). Biotechnologies for plant mutation breeding: protocols. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45021-6
Ling, L., Jiafeng, J., Jiangang, L., Minchong, S., Xin, H., Hanliang, S., & Yuanhua, D. (2014). Effects of cold plasma treatment on seed germination and seedling growth of soybean. Scientific Reports, 4(5859), 1-10 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep05859
Lundqvist, U., Franckowiak, J. D., & Forster, B. P. (2012). Mutation categories. In Q. Y. Shu, B. P. Forster, & H. Nakagawa (Eds.), Plant mutation breeding and biotechnology (pp. 47-55). CABI Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1079/9781780640853.0047
Maluszynski, M., Szarejko, I., Bhatia, C. R., Nichterlein, K., & Lagoda, P. J. L. (2009). Methodologies for generating variability part 4: mutation techniques. In S. Ceccarelli, E. P. Guimarães, & E. Weltzien (Eds.), Plant breeding and farmer participation (pp. 159-194). FAO.
Marín-Huachaca, N. S., Mancini-Filho, J., Delincée, H., & Villavicencio, A. L. C. H. (2004). Identification of gamma-irradiated papaya, melon and watermelon. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 71(1-2), 193-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2004.04.026
Pal, S., Revadi, M., Thontadarya, R. N., Reddy, D. C. L., Varalakshmi B., Pandey, C. D., & Rao, E. S. (2020). Understanding genetic diversity, population structure and development of a core collection of indian accessions of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai). Plant Genetic Resources: Characterisation and Utilisation, 18(5), 359-368. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1479262120000386
Parry, M. A. J., Madgwick, P. J., Bayon, C., Tearall, K., Hernandez-Lopez, A., Baudo, M., Rakszegi, M., Hamada, W., Al-Yassin, A., Ouabbou, H., Labhilili, M., & Phillips, A. L. 2009. Mutation discovery for crop improvement. Journal of Experimental Botany, 60(10), 2817-2825. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erp189
Pradeep Reddy, M., Sarla, N., & Siddiq, E. A. (2002). Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) polymorphism and its application in plant breeding. Euphytica, 128(1), 9-17. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020691618797
Raina, A., Laskar, R. A., Wani, M. R., Jan, B. L., Ali, S., & Khan, S. (2022). Comparative mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of gamma rays and sodium azide in inducing chlorophyll and morphological mutants of cowpea. Plants, 11(10), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11101322
Shu, Q. Y. (2009). Induced plant mutations in the genomics era. FAO/IAEA.
Sousa, W. K., Alpala, D. A. R., Cunha, E. S. P., Nunes, G. H. S., Tulmann Neto, A., & Holanda, I. S. A. (2025). Response of melon accessions to doses of co60 gamma rays and their effects on the morphology of the M1 generation. Revista Ciência Agronômica, 56, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.5935/1806-6690.20250024
Spencer-Lopes, M. M., Forster, B. P., & Jankuloski, L. (2018). Manual on mutation breeding (3rd ed.). FAO/IAEA.
Taheri, S., Abdullah, T. L., Ahmad, Z., & Abdullah, N. A. P. (2014). Effect of acute gamma irradiation on curcuma alismatifolia varieties and detection of dna polymorphism through ssr marker. BioMed Research International, 2014, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/631813
Taşkin, H., Yücel, N. K., Baktemur, G., Çömlekçioǧlu, S., & Büyükalaca S. (2013). Effects of different genotypes and gamma ray doses on haploidization with irradiated pollen technique in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.). Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 93(6),1165-1168. https://doi.org/10.4141/CJPS2013-059
Ulukapi, K., & Ozmen, S. F. (2018). Study of the effect of irradiation (60Co) on M1 plants of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris l.) cultivars and determined of proper doses for mutation breeding. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences, 11(1-2), 157-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrras.2017.12.004
Wei, C., Zhu, C., Yang, L., Zhao, W., Ma, R., Li, H., Zhang, Y., Ma, J., Yang, J., & Zhang, X. (2019). A point mutation resulting in a 13 bp deletion in the coding sequence of cldf leads to a ga-deficient dwarf phenotype in watermelon. Horticulture Research, 6(132), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41438-019-0213-8
Xu, B., Zhang, C., Gu, Y., Cheng, R., Huang, D., Liu, X., & Sun, Y. (2023). Physiological and transcriptomic analysis of a yellow leaf mutant in watermelon. Scientific Reports, 13(9647), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-36656-6
Yin, L., Hou, Y., Chen, X., Huang, X., Feng, M., Wang, C., Wang, Z., Yue, Z., Zhang, Y., Ma, J., Li, H., Yang J., Zhang, X., Yu, R., & Wei, C. (2023). Construction of watermelon mutant library based on 60Co γ-ray irradiation and EMS treatment for germplasm innovation. Horticulturae, 9(10), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9101133
Zhang, X. P., Rhodes, B. B., Baird, W. V., Skorupska, H. T., & Bridges, W. C. (1996). Phenotype, inheritance, and regulation of expression of a new virescent mutant in watermelon: juvenile albino. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 121(4), 609-615. https://doi.org/10.21273/jashs.121.4.609
Zhang, J., Sun, H., Guo, S., Ren, Y., Li, M., Wang, J., Yu, Y., Zhang, H., Gong, G., He, H., Zhang, C., & Xu Y. (2022). ClZISO mutation leads to photosensitive flesh in watermelon. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 135(5), 1565-1578. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-022-04054-7
Zhu, Y., Yuan, G., Wang, Y., An, G., Li, W., Liu, J., & Sun D. (2022). Mapping and functional verification of leaf yellowing genes in watermelon during whole growth period. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1049114
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2026 Deisy Alexandra Rosero Alpala, Augusto Tulmann Neto , Jorge Alves da Silva Neto, Afonso Hudson Martins Cordeiro Neto, Eliabe David Costa, Juan Carlos Ortiz Rios, Glauber Henrique de Sousa Nunes, Ioná Santos Araújo Holanda (Autor)
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
DECLARAÇÃO DE ORIGINALIDADE E DIREITOS AUTORAIS
Declaro que o presente artigo é original, não tendo sido submetido à publicação em qualquer outro periódico nacional ou internacional, quer seja em parte ou em sua totalidade.
Os direitos autorais pertencem exclusivamente aos autores. Os direitos de licenciamento utilizados pelo periódico é a licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0): são permitidos o compartilhamento (cópia e distribuição do material em qualquer meio ou formato) e adaptação (remix, transformação e criação de material a partir do conteúdo assim licenciado para quaisquer fins, inclusive comerciais.
Recomenda-se a leitura desse link para maiores informações sobre o tema: fornecimento de créditos e referências de forma correta, entre outros detalhes cruciais para uso adequado do material licenciado.
Como Citar
