Riesgo de caídas en personas mayores que viven en la comunidad1
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4025/ciencuidsaude.v20i0.55696Palabras clave:
Enfermería, Accidentes por Caídas, Factor de riesgo, Anciano, Atención Primaria en SaludResumen
Objetivo: evaluar los factores de riesgo para caídas en personas mayores residentes en la comunidad. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, transversal y cuantitativo, desarrollado en la región Nordeste de Brasil con 221 personas mayores residentes en la comunidad. La recolección de datos tuvo lugar de junio a septiembre de 2016 con la utilización de instrumentos estructurados. Se realizó un análisis exploratorio de los datos con medidas de tendencia central, dispersión y asociación entre las variables. Resultados: en relación al perfil, se observaron franja etaria entre 60 y 79 años (75,6%); sexo femenino (70,6%); casados (43,9%); hasta cuatro años de escolaridad (33,9%); renta personal mensual de hasta un salario mínimo (45,7%) proveniente de la jubilación (60,2%); tres a cinco comorbilidades (51,6%). En cuanto al riesgo de caídas, se destacó como predictores la FallRisk Score clasificada como "alto riesgo", seguida por fármacosAntiparkinsonianos, antidepresivos y diuréticos, hipoglucemia, deficiencia auditiva, dolor, incontinencia urinaria y síntomas neurológicos. Conclusión: se hace necesario establecer acciones individuales y colectivas para la prevención y promoción de la salud frente a los riesgos para caídas. La red de salud debe trabajar para posibilitar la concienciación de que las caídas constituyen un problema de salud pública y, por eso, se resalta la necesidad de cuidados dirigidos, evitando consecuencias en la calidad de vida de la persona anciana.
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Referencias
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17. Menezes LP, Stamm B, Leite MT, Hildebrandt LM, Kirchner RM. Falling is a part of life: Falls risk factors to the elderly. RevPesqui (UnivFed Estado Rio J, Online) [Internet]. 2016; 8(4):5080-6. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.9789/2175-5361.2016.v8i4.5080-5086
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19. Carli FVBO, Anjos VD, Silva AA, Evangelista VC, Gianini SHS, Cardin MA, et al. Occurrences of falls in the elderly and polypharmacy. RevEletAcerv Saúde. [Internet]. 2019;37:e1082. Doi: https://doi.org/10.25248/reas.e1082.2019
20. Ximenes MAM, Aguiar JR, Bastos IB, Sousa LV, Caetano JA, Barros LM. Risk of fall in hospitalized patients: risk factors and nursing interventions. Rev Bras PromoçSaúde. 2019;32:9003. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5020/18061230.2019.9003
21. Rosa VPP, Cappellari FCBD, Urbanetto JS. Analysis of risk factors for falls among institutionalized elderly persons. Rev Bras GeriatrGerontol. [Internet]. 2019;22(1):e180138. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-22562019022.180138
22. Smith AA, Silva AO, Rodrigues RAP, Moreira MASP, Nogueira JA, Tura LFR. Assessment of risk of falls in elderly living at home. RevLat Am Enfermagem [Internet]. 2017;25:e2754. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.0671.2754
23. Crowe M, Jordan J, Gillon D, McCall C, Frampton C, Jamieson H. The prevalence of pain and its relationship to falls, fatigue, and depression in a cohort of older people living in the community. J Adv Nurs. [Internet]. 2017;73(11):2642-51. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13328
24. Vitorino LM, Teixeira CAB, Vilas Boas EL, Pereira RL, Santos NO, Rozendo CA. Fear of falling in older adults living at home: associated factors. RevEscEnferm USP. [Internet]. 2017;51:e03215. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1980-220x2016223703215
25. Gibson W, Hunter KF, Camicioli R, Booth J, Skelton DA, Dumoulin C, et al. The association between lower urinary tract symptoms and falls: forming a theoretical model for a research agenda. NeurourolUrodyn. [Internet]. 2017;9999:1-9. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/nau.23295
2. Mourão LF, Xavier DAN, Neri AL, Luchesi KF. Association study between natural chronic diseases of aging and swallowing changes referred by community elderly. AudiolCommun Res. [Internet]. 2016;21:e1657. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-6431-2015-1657
3. Queiroz SMB, Coutinho DTR, Almeida PC, Guedes MVC, Freitas MC. Clinical conditions of elderly who are victims of muscle-skeletal trauma. CiencCuidSaude. [Internet] 2016; 15(3):530-7. Doi: https://doi.org/10.4025/cienccuidsaude.v15i3.28482
4. Moraes SLVA, Rothebarth AP, Agulhó DLZ, Mocheuti KN. Risk and occurrence of falls in elderly care in Family Health Strategy inside Mato Grosso. Res Soc Dev. [Internet]2021;10(4):e56910414584. Disponível em: https://www.rsdjournal.org/index.php/rsd/article/view/14584/13019
5. Silva TL, Motta VV, Garcia WJ, Arreguy-Sena C, Pinto PF, Parreira PMSD, et al. Quality of life and falls in elderly people: a mixed methods study. Rev Bras Enferm. 2021;74(Suppl 2):e20200400. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0400
6. Teixeira DKS, Andrade LM, Santos JLP, Caires ES. Falls among the elderly: environmental limitations and functional losses. Rev Bras GeriatrGerontol. [Internet]. 2019;22(3):e180229. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-22562019022.180229
7. Kim K, Jung HK, Kim CO, Kim SK, Cho HH, Kim DY, et al. Evidence-based guidelines for fall prevention in Korea. Korean J Intern Med. [Internet]. 2017;32(1):199-210. Doi:https://doi.org/10.3904/kjim.2016.218
8. Dahlke S, Hall WA, Baumbusch J. Constructing definitions of safety risks while nurses care for hospitalised older people: secondary analysis of qualitative data. Int J Older People Nurs. [Internet]2017;12(3):1-10. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/opn.12148
9. Bertolucci PH, Brucki SMD, Campacci SR, Juliano Y. The Mini-Mental State Examination in an outpatient population: influence of literacy. Arq. Neuropsiquiatr. [Internet]. 1994;52(1):1-7. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-282X1994000100001
10. Porto MLL, Nóbrega MML. Data collection instrument for attendance to the aged in the family’s health program. Rev Enferm UFPE On Line. [Internet]. 2008;2(1):1-9. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5205/reuol.399-11159-1-LE.0201200801
11. Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Envelhecimento e saúde da pessoa idosa. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde; 2007. Disponível em: https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/evelhecimento_saude_pessoa_idosa.pdf
12. Bueno-García MJ, Roldán-Chicano MT, Rodríguez-Tello J, Meroño-Rivera MD, Dávila-Martínez R, Berenguer-García N. Characteristics of the Downton fall risk assessment scale in hospitalised patients. EnfermClin. [Internet]. 2017;27(4):227–34. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcle.2017.02.007
13. Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Conselho Nacional de Saúde. Resolução nº 466/2012 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde. Comissão de Ética e Pesquisa - CONEP sobre pesquisa envolvendo seres humanos. Brasília; 2012. Disponível em: https://conselho.saude.gov.br/resolucoes/2012/Reso466.pdf
14. Handrigan GA, Maltais N, Gagne M, Lamontagne P, Hamel D, Teasdale N, et al. Sex-specific association between obesity and self-reported falls and injuries among community-dwelling Canadians aged 65 years and older. Osteoporos Int. [Internet]. 2017; 28:483-94. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00198-016-3745-x
15. Elias Filho J, Borel WP, Diz JBM, Barbosa AWC, Britto RR, Felício DC. Prevalence of falls and associated factors in community-dwelling older Brazilians: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cad Saúde Pública [Internet]. 2019;35(8):e00115718. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00115718
16. Silva IRG, Dias CMD, Silva TP, Carvalho DN, Lima FC, Aguiar VFF. Avaliação da mobilidade e fatores desencadeantes de quedas em idosos. CiencCuid Saúde. [Internet]. 2020;19:e48469. Disponível em: https://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/CiencCuidSaude/article/view/48469/751375151481
17. Menezes LP, Stamm B, Leite MT, Hildebrandt LM, Kirchner RM. Falling is a part of life: Falls risk factors to the elderly. RevPesqui (UnivFed Estado Rio J, Online) [Internet]. 2016; 8(4):5080-6. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.9789/2175-5361.2016.v8i4.5080-5086
18. Lee JY, Holbrook A. The efficacy of fall-risk-increasing drug (FRID) withdrawal for the prevention of falls and fall-related complications: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev. [Internet]. 2017;6(1):33. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-017-0426-6
19. Carli FVBO, Anjos VD, Silva AA, Evangelista VC, Gianini SHS, Cardin MA, et al. Occurrences of falls in the elderly and polypharmacy. RevEletAcerv Saúde. [Internet]. 2019;37:e1082. Doi: https://doi.org/10.25248/reas.e1082.2019
20. Ximenes MAM, Aguiar JR, Bastos IB, Sousa LV, Caetano JA, Barros LM. Risk of fall in hospitalized patients: risk factors and nursing interventions. Rev Bras PromoçSaúde. 2019;32:9003. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5020/18061230.2019.9003
21. Rosa VPP, Cappellari FCBD, Urbanetto JS. Analysis of risk factors for falls among institutionalized elderly persons. Rev Bras GeriatrGerontol. [Internet]. 2019;22(1):e180138. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-22562019022.180138
22. Smith AA, Silva AO, Rodrigues RAP, Moreira MASP, Nogueira JA, Tura LFR. Assessment of risk of falls in elderly living at home. RevLat Am Enfermagem [Internet]. 2017;25:e2754. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.0671.2754
23. Crowe M, Jordan J, Gillon D, McCall C, Frampton C, Jamieson H. The prevalence of pain and its relationship to falls, fatigue, and depression in a cohort of older people living in the community. J Adv Nurs. [Internet]. 2017;73(11):2642-51. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.13328
24. Vitorino LM, Teixeira CAB, Vilas Boas EL, Pereira RL, Santos NO, Rozendo CA. Fear of falling in older adults living at home: associated factors. RevEscEnferm USP. [Internet]. 2017;51:e03215. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1980-220x2016223703215
25. Gibson W, Hunter KF, Camicioli R, Booth J, Skelton DA, Dumoulin C, et al. The association between lower urinary tract symptoms and falls: forming a theoretical model for a research agenda. NeurourolUrodyn. [Internet]. 2017;9999:1-9. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/nau.23295
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2021-09-11
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Muniz Peixoto Rodrigues, M., Felix Serafim Vera, R. ., Maia de Medeiros Falcão, R., Jeane Pinto Chaves, B., de Melo Buriti Vasconcelos, J., Melo Fernandes, M. das G., & dos Santos Oliveira, J. (2021). Riesgo de caídas en personas mayores que viven en la comunidad1. Ciência, Cuidado E Saúde, 20. https://doi.org/10.4025/ciencuidsaude.v20i0.55696
