A POLÃTICA DE INFRAESTRUTURA DO GOVERNO BIDEN: UM EXAME SOBRE A LEI DE INFRAESTRUTURA BIPARTIDÃRIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4025/econrev.v31i1.67611Keywords:
Lei de Infraestrutura Bipartidária; Estados Unidos; Governo Biden.Abstract
Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo examinar a Lei de Infraestrutura Bipartidária do Governo Biden, com foco nos seguintes temas: apoio recebido, atores envolvidos, segmentos contemplados e mecanismos de atuação. Inicialmente o trabalho apresenta os movimentos políticos mais relevantes para a aprovação da lei. Em seguida, apresenta o conteúdo da lei, com suas áreas e subáreas e maiores programas. Por fim, faz um balanço sobre o conteúdo da lei, destacando as principais variáveis abordadas. O estudo de caso é realizado a partir de informações da literatura pertinente, destacadamente da imprensa especializada, e, principalmente, de documentos de instituições governamentais. Nas conclusões, destacam-se o forte apoio interno à lei, a diversidade dos atores envolvidos e dos segmentos de atuação e o predomínio do mecanismo de financiamento federal, com repasse aos estados e a outros membros da esfera pública, tanto para a expansão de programas existentes, quanto para a estruturação de novos programas.
References
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EVERETT, Burgess. LEVINE, Marianne. 'Time to move on': Infrastructure talks near collapse. Politico, may 5, 2021. Disponível em: <https://www.politico.com/news/2021/05/24/infrastructure-talks-near-collapse-490637>. Acesso em: 14 mar. de 2023.
EVERS-HILLSTROM, Karl. Business groups urge Biden to embrace bipartisan infrastructure package. The Hill, jun 22, 2021. Disponível em: <https://thehill.com/business-a-lobbying/business-a-lobbying/559689-business-groups-urge-biden-to-embrace-bipartisan/>. Acesso em: 24 mar. de 2023.
FCC - FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMISSION. Affordable Connectivity Program. Disponível em: <https://www.fcc.gov/acp>. Acesso em: 15 mar. de 2023.
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FTA - FEDERAL TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION. State of Good Repair Grants - 5337. Disponível em: <https://www.transit.dot.gov/funding/grants/state-good-repair-grants-5337>. Acesso em: 17 mar. de 2023. (2023b).
FTA - FEDERAL TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION. Capital Investment Grants Program. Disponível em: <https://www.transit.dot.gov/CIG>. Acesso em: 17 mar. de 2023. (2023c).
FTA - FEDERAL TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION. Low or No Emission Vehicle Program - 5339(c). Disponível em: <https://www.transit.dot.gov/lowno>. Acesso em: 17 mar. de 2023. (2023d).
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GARRISON, Joey. KING, Ledyard. 'We have a deal': Biden reaches $1.2 trillion infrastructure compromise with bipartisan group of senators. US Today, jun 24, 2021. Disponível em: <https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2021/06/24/biden-senators-agree-1-2-trillion-infrastructure-deal/5333841001/>. Acesso em: 16 mar. de 2023.
GREENWOOD, Max. Poll shows broad support for bipartisan infrastructure bill. The Hill, aug 08, 2021. Disponível em: <https://thehill.com/homenews/senate/565958-poll-shows-broad-support-for-bipartisan-infrastructure-bill/>. Acesso em: 16 mar. de fev. 2023.
JOHNSON, Marty. US mayors, black leaders push for passage of bipartisan infrastructure bill. The Hill, sep 24, 2021. Disponível em: <https://thehill.com/homenews/house/573846-us-mayors-black-leaders-push-for-passage-of-bipartisan-infrastructure-bill/>. Acesso em: 17 mar. de 2023.
MCLAUGHLIN, David. Senators reach bipartisan deal on U.S. highway funding package. Bloomberg, may 22, 2021. Disponível em: <https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-05-22/senators-reach-bipartisan-deal-on-u-s-highway-funding-package>. Acesso em: 20 mar. de 2023.
MORGAN, David. U.S. House approves $715 bln infrastructure bill. Reuters, jul 1, 2021. Disponível em: <https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-house-approves-715-bln-infrastructure-bill-2021-07-01/>. Acesso em: 16 mar. de 2023.
PRAMUK, Jacob. Senate GOP unveils its $928 billion infrastructure counteroffer to Biden – here's what's in it. CNBC, may 27, 2021. Disponível em: <https://www.cnbc.com/2021/05/27/biden-infrastructure-plan-capito-discusses-republican-counteroffer.html>. Acesso em: 20 mar. de 2023.
ROMANO, Andrew. Poll: 6 in 10 GOP voters favor new $1.2 trillion infrastructure plan, boosting Biden’s hopes of a big bipartisan win. YAHOO!NEWS, jun 28, 2021. Disponível em: <https://news.yahoo.com/poll-6-in-10-gop-voters-favor-new-12-trillion-infrastructure-plan-boosting-bidens-hopes-of-a-big-bipartisan-win-201833741.html>. Acesso em: 17 mar. de 2023.
ROMM, Tony. KIM, Seung Min. Ten senate democrats and republicans say they reached five-year, nearly $1 trillion infrastructure deal. The Washington Post, jun 10, 2021. Disponível em: <https://www.washingtonpost.com/us-policy/2021/06/10/senate-democrats-republicans-infrastructure/>. Acesso em: 16 mar. de 2023.
SEGERS, Grace. House Democrats announce infrastructure bill amid Biden negotiations. CBS NEWS, jun 4, 2021. Disponível em: <https://www.cbsnews.com/news/infrastructure-bill-house-democrats/>. Acesso em: 17 mar. de 2023.
SHABAD, Rebecca. CALDWELL, Leigh Ann. Moderate House Dems say they won't support budget vote until infrastructure bill passes. NBC NEWS, aug 13, 2021. Disponível em: <https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/moderate-house-dems-say-they-won-t-support-budget-vote-n1276738>. Acesso em: 17 mar. 2023.
SMITH, Allan. PETTYPIECE, Shannon. Republicans unveil $568 billion counterproposal to Biden's infrastructure plan. NBC NEWS, apr 22, 2021. Disponível em: <https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/republicans-unveil-568-billion-counter-proposal-biden-s-infrastructure-plan-n1264936>. Acesso em: 20 mar. de 2023.
THE WHITE HOUSE. Building a Better America: A Guidebook to the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law for Estate, Local, Tribal and Territorial Governments, and Other Partners, 2022. Disponível em: <https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-d&q=A+Guidebook+to+the+Bipartisan+Infrastructure+Law+for+Estate%2C+Local%2C+Tribal+and+Territorial+Governments%2C+and+Other+Partners>. Acesso em: 15 mar. de 2023.
US CODE. 42 USC 15907: Orphaned well site plugging, remediation, and restoration. Disponível em: <https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section15907&num=0&edition=prelim>. Acesso em: 17 mar. de 2023.
BROADBANDUSA. Broadband Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) Program. Disponível em: <https://broadbandusa.ntia.doc.gov/resources/grant-programs/broadband-equity-access-and-deployment-bead-program>. Acesso em: 21 mar. de 2023. (2023a).
BROADBANDUSA. Tribal Broadband Connectivity Program. Disponível em: <https://broadbandusa.ntia.doc.gov/resources/grant-programs/tribal-broadband-connectivity-program>. Acesso em: 21 mar. de 2023. (2023b).
BUREAU OF RECLAMATION. Columbia-Pacific Northwest Region: Federal Columbia River Power System. Disponível em: <https://www.usbr.gov/pn/fcrps/index.html>. Acesso em: 20 mar. de 2023.
CLERK - UNITED STATES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Roll Call 369, Bill Number: H. R. 3684. 117th Congress, 1st Session. Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives, nov 5, 2021. Disponível em: <https://clerk.house.gov/Votes/2021369>. Acesso em: 17 mar. de 2023.
DOE - DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY. Regional Clean Hydrogen Hubs. Office of Clean Energy Demonstrations. Disponível em: <https://www.energy.gov/oced/regional-clean-hydrogen-hubs>. Acesso em: 21 mar. de 2023. (2023a).
DOE - DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY. Civil Nuclear Credit Program. Disponível em: <https://www.energy.gov/ne/civil-nuclear-credit-program>. Acesso em: 21 mar. de 2023. (2023b).
DOI - DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR. Abandoned Mine Land Reclamation Program. National Resources Revenue Data. Disponível em: <https://revenuedata.doi.gov/how-revenue-works/aml-reclamation-program/>. Acesso em: 21 mar. de 2023.
DONOVAN-SMITH, Orion. Senate nears vote on $550 billion bipartisan infrastructure package. The Spokesman-Review, aug 5, 2021. Disponível em: <https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2021/aug/05/senate-nears-vote-on-550-billion-bipartisan-infras/>. Acesso em: 15 de mar. de 2023.
DOT - DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION. Safe Streets and Roads for All (SS4A) Grant Program. Disponível em: <https://www.transportation.gov/grants/SS4A>. Acesso em: 20 mar. de 2023.
EPA - ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY. How the Drinking Water State Revolving Fund Works. Disponível em: <https://www.epa.gov/dwsrf/how-drinking-water-state-revolving-fund-works#tab-1>. Acesso em: 16 mar. de 2023. (2023a).
EPA - ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY. Learn about the Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF). Disponível em: <https://www.epa.gov/cwsrf/learn-about-clean-water-state-revolving-fund-cwsrf>. Acesso em: 16 mar. de 2023. (2023b).
EVERETT, Burgess. Biden ends infrastructure talks with Senate GOP, starts engaging bipartisan group. Politico, jun 8, 2021. Disponível em: <https://www.politico.com/news/2021/06/08/biden-ends-infrastructure-talks-with-senate-gop-starts-engaging-bipartisan-group-492168>. Acesso em: 14 mar. de 2023.
EVERETT, Burgess. LEVINE, Marianne. 'Time to move on': Infrastructure talks near collapse. Politico, may 5, 2021. Disponível em: <https://www.politico.com/news/2021/05/24/infrastructure-talks-near-collapse-490637>. Acesso em: 14 mar. de 2023.
EVERS-HILLSTROM, Karl. Business groups urge Biden to embrace bipartisan infrastructure package. The Hill, jun 22, 2021. Disponível em: <https://thehill.com/business-a-lobbying/business-a-lobbying/559689-business-groups-urge-biden-to-embrace-bipartisan/>. Acesso em: 24 mar. de 2023.
FCC - FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMISSION. Affordable Connectivity Program. Disponível em: <https://www.fcc.gov/acp>. Acesso em: 15 mar. de 2023.
FHWA - FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION. Bipartisan Infrastructure Law: Fact Sheets. Disponível em: <https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/bipartisan-infrastructure-law/fact_sheets.cfm>. Acesso em: 20 mar. de 2023.
FRA - FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION. Federal-State Partnership for Intercity Passenger Rail Grant Program: Fact Sheet. Disponível em: <https://railroads.dot.gov/sites/fra.dot.gov/files/2021-12/Fed-State%20Grants%20fact%20sheet.pdf>. Acesso em: 21 mar. de 2023. (2023a).
FRA - FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION. Federal Grants to Amtrak. Disponível em: <https://railroads.dot.gov/grants-loans/directed-grant-programs/federal-grants-amtrak>. Acesso em: 20 mar. de 2023. (2023b).
FRA - FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION. Railroad Crossing Elimination Grants. Disponível em: <https://railroads.dot.gov/grants-loans/competitive-discretionary-grant-programs/railroad-crossing-elimination-grant-program>. Acesso em: 21 mar. de 2023. (2023c).
FTA - FEDERAL TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION. Urbanized Area Formula Grants - 5307. Disponível em: <https://www.transit.dot.gov/funding/grants/urbanized-area-formula-grants-5307>. Acesso em: 17 mar. de 2023. (2023a).
FTA - FEDERAL TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION. State of Good Repair Grants - 5337. Disponível em: <https://www.transit.dot.gov/funding/grants/state-good-repair-grants-5337>. Acesso em: 17 mar. de 2023. (2023b).
FTA - FEDERAL TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION. Capital Investment Grants Program. Disponível em: <https://www.transit.dot.gov/CIG>. Acesso em: 17 mar. de 2023. (2023c).
FTA - FEDERAL TRANSIT ADMINISTRATION. Low or No Emission Vehicle Program - 5339(c). Disponível em: <https://www.transit.dot.gov/lowno>. Acesso em: 17 mar. de 2023. (2023d).
GARRISON, Joey. Infrastructure talks hit snag as Republicans reject Biden's reduced $1.7 trillion counteroffer. US Today, may 21, 2021, Disponível em: <https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2021/05/21/biden-lowers-infrastructure-plan-counteroffer-senate-republicans/5205911001/>. Acesso em: 16 mar. de 2023.
GARRISON, Joey. KING, Ledyard. 'We have a deal': Biden reaches $1.2 trillion infrastructure compromise with bipartisan group of senators. US Today, jun 24, 2021. Disponível em: <https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2021/06/24/biden-senators-agree-1-2-trillion-infrastructure-deal/5333841001/>. Acesso em: 16 mar. de 2023.
GREENWOOD, Max. Poll shows broad support for bipartisan infrastructure bill. The Hill, aug 08, 2021. Disponível em: <https://thehill.com/homenews/senate/565958-poll-shows-broad-support-for-bipartisan-infrastructure-bill/>. Acesso em: 16 mar. de fev. 2023.
JOHNSON, Marty. US mayors, black leaders push for passage of bipartisan infrastructure bill. The Hill, sep 24, 2021. Disponível em: <https://thehill.com/homenews/house/573846-us-mayors-black-leaders-push-for-passage-of-bipartisan-infrastructure-bill/>. Acesso em: 17 mar. de 2023.
MCLAUGHLIN, David. Senators reach bipartisan deal on U.S. highway funding package. Bloomberg, may 22, 2021. Disponível em: <https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-05-22/senators-reach-bipartisan-deal-on-u-s-highway-funding-package>. Acesso em: 20 mar. de 2023.
MORGAN, David. U.S. House approves $715 bln infrastructure bill. Reuters, jul 1, 2021. Disponível em: <https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-house-approves-715-bln-infrastructure-bill-2021-07-01/>. Acesso em: 16 mar. de 2023.
PRAMUK, Jacob. Senate GOP unveils its $928 billion infrastructure counteroffer to Biden – here's what's in it. CNBC, may 27, 2021. Disponível em: <https://www.cnbc.com/2021/05/27/biden-infrastructure-plan-capito-discusses-republican-counteroffer.html>. Acesso em: 20 mar. de 2023.
ROMANO, Andrew. Poll: 6 in 10 GOP voters favor new $1.2 trillion infrastructure plan, boosting Biden’s hopes of a big bipartisan win. YAHOO!NEWS, jun 28, 2021. Disponível em: <https://news.yahoo.com/poll-6-in-10-gop-voters-favor-new-12-trillion-infrastructure-plan-boosting-bidens-hopes-of-a-big-bipartisan-win-201833741.html>. Acesso em: 17 mar. de 2023.
ROMM, Tony. KIM, Seung Min. Ten senate democrats and republicans say they reached five-year, nearly $1 trillion infrastructure deal. The Washington Post, jun 10, 2021. Disponível em: <https://www.washingtonpost.com/us-policy/2021/06/10/senate-democrats-republicans-infrastructure/>. Acesso em: 16 mar. de 2023.
SEGERS, Grace. House Democrats announce infrastructure bill amid Biden negotiations. CBS NEWS, jun 4, 2021. Disponível em: <https://www.cbsnews.com/news/infrastructure-bill-house-democrats/>. Acesso em: 17 mar. de 2023.
SHABAD, Rebecca. CALDWELL, Leigh Ann. Moderate House Dems say they won't support budget vote until infrastructure bill passes. NBC NEWS, aug 13, 2021. Disponível em: <https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/moderate-house-dems-say-they-won-t-support-budget-vote-n1276738>. Acesso em: 17 mar. 2023.
SMITH, Allan. PETTYPIECE, Shannon. Republicans unveil $568 billion counterproposal to Biden's infrastructure plan. NBC NEWS, apr 22, 2021. Disponível em: <https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/congress/republicans-unveil-568-billion-counter-proposal-biden-s-infrastructure-plan-n1264936>. Acesso em: 20 mar. de 2023.
THE WHITE HOUSE. Building a Better America: A Guidebook to the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law for Estate, Local, Tribal and Territorial Governments, and Other Partners, 2022. Disponível em: <https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-d&q=A+Guidebook+to+the+Bipartisan+Infrastructure+Law+for+Estate%2C+Local%2C+Tribal+and+Territorial+Governments%2C+and+Other+Partners>. Acesso em: 15 mar. de 2023.
US CODE. 42 USC 15907: Orphaned well site plugging, remediation, and restoration. Disponível em: <https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title42-section15907&num=0&edition=prelim>. Acesso em: 17 mar. de 2023.
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A POLÃTICA DE INFRAESTRUTURA DO GOVERNO BIDEN: UM EXAME SOBRE A LEI DE INFRAESTRUTURA BIPARTIDÃRIA. (2024). A Economia Em Revista - AERE, 31(1). https://doi.org/10.4025/econrev.v31i1.67611
