Knowledge of a Second Language: Exploring the Brain Processes of Second Language Acquisition
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4025/arqmudi.v29i1.75783Keywords:
Learning, Neuroplasticity, Growth and DevelopmentAbstract
Introduction: second language acquisition induces brain changes, demonstrating neural plasticity. Although more efficient in childhood, learning in adulthood requires greater cognitive effort. Objective: to analyze neural changes in language learning, considering the age of acquisition. Methodology: literature review with a systematic search in PubMed and LILACS databases using descriptors on neuroplasticity and language learning. Results: bilingualism increases cortical thickness, brain connectivity, and white matter, especially in language and cognitive control areas. Bilingual children show greater structural efficiency, while adults compensate by using more neural resources. Conclusion: the age of acquisition influences brain plasticity and language proficiency. Childhood favors better neural adaptation, whereas late learning requires greater recruitment of brain networks.
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